Documents proving the identity of a citizen in Russia

Documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Documents proving the identity of a foreign citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The main purpose of an identity document is to identify the owner of the document as a bearer of certain civil rights and obligations.

Passport

Any person who is a citizen of the Russian Federation and is over 14 years old must have it.
It is listed as the main ID. It indicates gender, age, last name, first name, patronymic, information about children, marriage and previous passports. A passport is issued upon reaching 14 years of age, then it must be replaced at 20 and 45 years of age. This is due to strong changes in a person’s appearance during this period. A damaged passport must also be replaced if the data (full name) is changed and the last name is changed upon marriage for women. After 45 years, replacement is not required.

It is necessary to carry out the replacement in a timely manner; if you do it at the wrong time, you may receive a fine. When using an expired form, liability for falsification is provided.

A foreign passport in the same way is a certificate of a citizen of the Russian Federation. However, with a small caveat. It can be used by a Russian citizen when traveling outside the country. But if a document is required to purchase alcohol, a foreign passport may well be presented.

If a person from another state is on the territory of the Russian Federation, he has the right to present his native passport. There are still forms issued to citizens of the USSR since 1974. Such papers have their legal force, according to Federal Law No. 52 (Article 42), which states that documents issued by the USSR, in accordance with the citizenship law, have their own force and are valid until a person wants to replace them.

However, not all such documents are in good condition; some of them are already difficult to read. In this case, it is more advisable to make a replacement so that they are considered valid.

Regulation

Identity documents are directly or indirectly regulated by several regulations, including:

• Federal Law “On the Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in a Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law “On Acts of Civil Status”;
• Federal Law “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation”
• “Regulations on the procedure for considering issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation”, approved by Decree No. 1325 of the President of the Russian Federation of November 14, 2002.

Based on the provisions of the above regulations, we can conditionally divide all types of personal documents into:

• documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
• documents proving the identity of foreigners on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Confirmation of military status

Foreign, civil and Soviet passports are not the entire list of documents identifying a citizen of the Russian Federation. There is also a seaman's certificate . It confirms the status of a person who serves in the navy. It is available to cadets and sailors who go on voyages abroad.

And the military also receives a certificate for the time they serve. Those men who have completed military service in the army receive a military ID, which also confirms their identity. But if you use it, there is one important point. It is considered significant only while the young man is serving in the army; after he is transferred to the reserve, the ticket stops working properly.

List of documents

When you don’t have a passport, it often becomes necessary to issue some papers, certificates, etc. or confirm your identity. When various circumstances arise, different documents are applicable that replace the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation:

• old (USSR period) option, valid until the replacement date.
• international passport;
• temporary certificate;
• diplomatic or service passport;
• military ID.

However, the listed documents are capable of verifying the identity of the person possessing them and are used in carrying out certain actions. A citizen realizes the full scope of rights and opportunities only if he has a valid Russian passport.

A temporary identity card of a citizen of the Russian Federation instead of a passport is used for the period of replacement of the main document of a citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as during the absence of one due to theft, replacement, etc. Sometimes it is also called a temporary certificate. What does a temporary passport look like in the Russian Federation? It is a single form established by law with a photograph of the owner, indicating his data, the reason for the absence of the main document and the information contained in it.

We also read: Replacement of a Russian passport Number and series of passport

International passport

A foreign passport is included in the list of documents that establish the identity of the holder. It is indispensable when it is necessary to cross the borders of Russia, visit another state, etc. It is the foreign passport that a citizen of the Russian Federation presents to confirm his identity abroad.

Old style passport

According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated March 13, 1997 No. 232 and in accordance with the Russian Federation Regulation dated July 8, 1997 No. 828, both the new and the old form of the passport document are valid throughout the country. It follows that the previously received document of the old sample retains its full legal force. It is valid until it is replaced due to the age of 20, as well as 45 years, or in case of loss, loss, theft, etc. If it is at the stage of replacement due to invalidity or is restored for some reason, another identification document in addition to the passport, it can help the interested person in resolving many issues.

For military personnel

A military personnel identification card is a special document that only military personnel on active duty have. For those who are in the reserve, a military ID is provided. A military passport, according to the provisions of the Regulations on the Identity Card of a Military Personnel of the Russian Federation, is intended to unambiguously confirm the identity of the owner, and therefore can serve as an alternative for its owner to an all-Russian passport.

What does “liable for military service” mean in a passport? The presence of such a stamp on the corresponding page means that the citizen is in reserve and in the event of military operations and state necessity will be called upon to defend the country. In the past, there was a practice of periodically holding training camps for those liable for military service, but today it has practically become history.

Driver license

Absolute use of a driver's license instead of a passport is hardly possible. On the one hand, a driver's license is used to verify the driver's identity. The traffic police officer can easily determine from the photo on the document whether they belong to this particular driver, and also find out other information:

• FULL NAME. a person driving a vehicle;
• owner's gender;
• his date of birth;
• information about the authority that issued the document.

However, a driver's license verifies identity in a limited number of cases. For example, when carrying out banking operations, drawing up contracts, etc., this document will not be suitable.

Documents for visitors

The main document for foreigners is their residence permit. They can also present their national passport and temporary residence permit as proof of identity. If a person came from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, he must have a certificate of return to his homeland along with a foreign citizen’s passport or official documents. For citizens of Ukraine, a foreign passport , a child's travel card and a birth certificate are suitable.
For persons operating on the territory of the Russian Federation, but registered and residing in their own country, identification documents of a stateless person in the Russian Federation are available for presentation: a residence permit or a refugee certificate. Such forms verify the identity of both foreign citizens and those who do not have citizenship.

The issue of a driver's license has been around for a long time and is very acute. There is constant debate on this topic, especially between sellers and buyers of the alcohol department. A driver's license is not listed anywhere as a document that can confirm the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation.

But in any case, you can buy cigarettes in a store with them, but you cannot get a loan. You might even be able to buy a train ticket, but you won’t be able to transfer money to a bank. In general, the question of whether a license is an identification document of a citizen of the Russian Federation instead of a passport remains open.

Identity documents of foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation

1. A passport of a foreign citizen (national passport or national foreign passport) or another document established by federal law or recognized in accordance with an international treaty of the Russian Federation as an identification document of a foreign citizen - for foreign citizens if they permanently reside in the territory of the Russian Federation.
2. A diplomatic passport of a foreign citizen is an identity document for foreign citizens temporarily staying and residing in the territory of the Russian Federation.
3. Passport of a citizen of the USSR, model 1974 is a document proving the identity of certain categories of stateless persons and foreign citizens, by which we mean:
   who had USSR citizenship (there is a note about this on the 1st page of the passport),
4. arrived in the Russian Federation from states that were part of the USSR, registered at the place of residence in the Russian Federation as of July 1, 2002, or received a temporary residence permit.
5. A document issued by a foreign state and recognized in accordance with an international treaty of the Russian Federation as a document certifying the identity of a stateless person.

Note: such a document must be legalized at the consulate (embassy) of the Russian Federation abroad (in the territory of the state where these documents were issued), or at the consulate (embassy) of a foreign state (that issued the identity documents) on the territory of the Russian Federation.

1. Another document established by federal law or recognized in accordance with an international treaty of the Russian Federation as an identification document of a foreign citizen or stateless person.
2. A temporary residence permit is an identification document of a foreign citizen or stateless person (executed in the form of a document of the established form issued in the Russian Federation to a stateless person who does not have an identity document). This document confirms the right of a foreign citizen or stateless person to temporarily reside in the Russian Federation until receiving a residence permit.
3. A residence permit in the Russian Federation is an identification document of a stateless person, confirming his right to permanent residence in the Russian Federation. This document is issued to a foreign citizen or stateless person to confirm their right to permanent residence in the Russian Federation, as well as their right to freely leave the Russian Federation and enter the Russian Federation.

Reason: Article 10 of the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 N 115-FZ “On the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation”).

1. A refugee certificate or a certificate of consideration of an application for refugee recognition on the territory of the Russian Federation is a document identifying the person (foreign citizen or stateless person) applying for refugee recognition (Articles 4, 7 of the Federal Law of February 19, 1993 No. 4528-1 “On Refugees”) ").

Is a foreign passport an identity document?

According to banking rules in Russia, citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of a general foreign passport can carry out:

• cash foreign exchange transactions and transactions with checks, the nominal value of which is indicated in foreign currency.
• transfers without opening an account in rubles and in foreign currency throughout the Russian Federation and abroad.

However, according to:

• paragraph 1 of the Regulations on the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 8, 1997 N 828;
• paragraph 1 of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 21, 1996 No. 1752 “On basic documents identifying the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the Russian Federation”,

A foreign passport is a document identifying a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the Russian Federation , and on the territory of the Russian Federation, the main document identifying a citizen of the Russian Federation is a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Consequently, this document is invalid on the territory of Russia.

In my opinion, a general foreign passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation can be an identification document on the territory of Russia only if it has a mark from the internal affairs body of the Russian Federation about leaving for permanent residence in a foreign country and/or a mark from a diplomatic mission or consular office of the Russian Federation about acceptance for consular registration in connection with permanent residence in the territory of a foreign state.

Is a driver's license an identity document?

I’ll say right away that the issue is controversial, because... Each of us has often heard both the request to present a passport or license, and the fact that a driver’s license is not a document identifying its owner.

On the one hand, not a single regulatory act calls a driver’s license an identity document.

On the other hand, despite the fact that there is no regulation that precisely calls a driver’s license an identity document, there are many by-laws that state this:

• Definition of GKPI 06-1016 of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, according to which “... a driver’s license for the right to drive a vehicle confirms not only the existence of such a right for the person named in it, but also the ownership of the document itself by this particular person, since it contains all the necessary details that allow identification citizen...";
• some acts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation;
• Order of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of the Russian Federation dated February 12, 2003 No. BG-3-13/59.

It is not possible to perform a banking transaction using a driver's license. In paragraph 4 of Appendix No. 1 to the Regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation “On the identification of clients and beneficiaries by credit institutions for the purpose of combating the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism” dated August 19, 2004 No. 262-P among the documents identifying clients , no driver's license. According to clause 3.1 of the said Regulations, with a driver’s license it is only possible to carry out banking transactions with cash foreign currency and transactions with checks.

Non-identity documents

Documents that do not certify the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory of Russia (they only certify a person’s status, nothing more, but sometimes they are included in certain lists):

1. Lawyer's certificate.
2. Certificate of an employee of the FSB, police, or other employee (Ministry of Emergency Situations, Tax Service, etc.).
3. Certificate of a state civil servant.
4. Foreign passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
5. A notarized copy of the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
6. Student ID and (or) grade book.
7. Documents of citizens assigned to a certain category (certificate of a veteran, disabled person, honorary donor, member of the Cossack society, etc.).
8. A certificate of the established form issued to citizens of the Russian Federation who are in places of detention of suspects and accused, or who have served their sentence and been released from prison.
9. Employment history.
10. Other documents that meet the minimum requirements for identification documents of a citizen.

These documents do not prove identity - they only certify the status of its owner, i.e. By presenting one of these documents, its owner may be able to buy alcoholic products, but it will definitely not be possible to perform legally significant actions (vote in elections, enter into an employment or civil law contract, submit tax reports, etc.).

Unsuitable papers

A person has quite a lot of forms in his life that contain his personal data. However, they are completely unsuitable for presentation in serious institutions. Such documents are actually valid only in the area in which they are issued. This list is somewhat longer, they include:

• Work passes for employees of various services.
• Certificate of civil servants.
• Copies of forms, including notarized ones.
• Student.
• Certificates of veterans and disabled people.
• Medical, work records and other internal forms.

Quite a lot of documents officially guarantee a person’s identity. For those who often travel abroad for work, there is a diplomatic passport. There is also a unique document that everyone has. This is a paper confirming the birth of a person , which is clearly a statement of identity.

It makes sense to always have at least one document confirming your identity with you. This is relevant in many situations and can help in case of unforeseen circumstances.

Personal documents of citizens of the Russian Federation

The identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation can be certified by the following types of documents:

• internal passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
• birth certificate (before receiving a passport);
• military ID for conscripts;
• form No. 2P. Issued for a limited period during the production of a passport to replace a lost or damaged passport;
• seaman's passport;
• certificate of release. Issued for a period sufficient to obtain a passport for persons released from prison.

As for foreign, diplomatic and service passports issued to citizens of the Russian Federation, there is no reason to consider them a full-fledged document certifying the identity of their bearer in the Russian Federation.

The fact is that the purpose of these types of passports is to prove the identity of a Russian citizen abroad. Accordingly, the use of international passports in domestic circulation is significantly limited.