How to write a complaint to the prosecutor's office about energy sales

1. Property equivalent value.
2. Cash (in nominal terms).

At the same time, the holder of this security has the right to receive interest on the face value.
The percentage here is determined by the coupon. By the way, income on such securities is usually divided into 2 parts:

1. Coupon profit.
2. The difference between redemption and acquisition (speculative).

By the way, there are many bonds on the market that are linked by interest rates to other indicators. This is called a floating interest rate. In this case, the bond rate may be tied to:

1. Refinancing.
2. Interbank trade, etc.

There are actually quite a lot of options here. Well, we must not forget that the issuer’s need for funds is precisely reflected in the essence of the bonds. After all, in essence, the issuer borrows money from bondholders. This is one of the most unpopular methods of obtaining funds among businesses. But states deal with bonds very closely. It is enough just to remember that by 1998 Russia had managed to funnel a huge amount of money into state bonds. We also know very well how it ended.

In general, the traditional design of bonds is similar to what we call lending. And yet there is a difference and it is significant.

In essence, the issuer, through the bond system, gets the opportunity to plan the volume of its costs. Bondholders have the opportunity to plan income. True, bonds must also be compared with loans in that they do not have the traditional properties of a loan. The fact is that there is no need to register collateral with bonds at all. Moreover, even the procedure for assigning rights to another creditor is simplified to the limit.

Let’s say right away that the bond market predominantly practices long-term investing. Because most securities in this area generally require an investment period of 10-15 years. And some even 30.

Types of bond coupons

By the way, in some ways bonds even resemble shares of companies. True, the difference here is significant. The fact is that bonds do not allow you to make any decisions in the company or enterprise. And you won’t be able to rely on property in the traditional sense of bonds either.

The problem is that bonds do not offer a dividend system. On the other hand, there is an acceptable alternative. After all, income on bonds can be received several times in 12 months. And at the end of the term, the face value of the bond will be paid back to you.

Moreover, bonds are much more reliable compared to classic securities. This is because failure to repay or repay will result in default. But in reality, defaults do not happen very often.

In fact, the current mechanism for working with bonds has a simple explanation for the average person. The point is that you provide the issuer with a certain amount in a transaction similar to a debt agreement. To certify this fact, bonds are issued. In this situation, the issuer acts as a borrower, and the bondholder becomes a lender.

This scheme stipulates the frequency of bond payments. Roughly speaking, you can be paid a portion of your income 2 or 3 times in 1 year. And this will continue until the bond expires. After expiration, you also receive the underlying value of that security. Naturally, classic bonds do not obligate you to anything. In general, after 5 years (conditionally) you can resell the bonds through the exchange (to anyone). Even if the security matures only in 10 years. It works quite simply, if you understand it properly.

Complaint about construction

Such a document can be presented to regulatory authorities as evidence of illegal and illegal actions during construction work.

Attention! In order to quickly bring the offender to justice, it is better to file a collective complaint from a group of interested parties (for example, from the residents of a neighboring house).

You can complain about noise to Rospotrebnadzor, which, upon receipt of the complaint, must send a specialist to measure its level.

Basic terminology for working with bonds

Let's start with duration. This is a time period that reflects the actual payback. Roughly speaking, you invest money and wait for the invested funds to be returned to you. Duration is a clear indicator. The rules here are quite simple:

1. Conservative bonds usually have medium duration.
2. The lower the duration, the faster you will get your money back.

The redemption date is the date on which the issuing company typically returns the face value to you. In addition, the last coupon income is usually added to the moment of cancellation.

Naturally, oral agreements in such a matter are usually unacceptable. This means that some kind of agreement is needed. The offer is used in this capacity. It is not available for all securities. However, for the majority they still use it. In essence, in the offer the issuer sets its own rules:

1. Possibility of resale of bonds.
2. Procedure for early cancellation, etc.

A coupon is a user fee. Simply put, it is your interest on the issuer's use of funds. The coupon can be expressed in monetary terms or as a percentage. As for the market value of bonds, it determines the price of a particular security. By the way, this figure is purely a percentage. The price of a bond is determined by the parity of supply and demand (in the base). However, other factors may also influence the price of a security in the market.

Market value should not be confused with par value. They start from the nominal value, but it can be increased. For example, on the Moex exchange the nominal value is usually set at 1 thousand rubles. Those. It cannot be lower (in theory).

Well, the issuer is a specific enterprise or organization. And this is also done by individual regions, sometimes even entire states.

Sample application to the prosecutor's office and all the details of correct completion

The Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation is a unified centralized system of bodies and institutions, which includes:

The complaint must indicate which service is not provided by the housing and communal services. You also need to attach evidence (this can be photographs) and a copy of the application itself to this organization. The application is drawn up in two copies.

An application received by the prosecutor's office is considered within 15–30 days.

After the prosecutor's check, the applicant receives a response about the resolution of the case. It may be satisfactory or explanatory in nature. The complaint may be forwarded to other authorities for resolution, of which the complainant is also notified. Sometimes an appeal to the prosecutor's office is rejected. This is due to a number of reasons: That is why, before contacting law enforcement agencies with a complaint, you should consult with an experienced lawyer.

Security type

Debt category obligations may be secured or unsecured. Yes, the classic scheme does not provide for collateral. However, there are a huge number of variations for such securities. Namely:

1. Group of mortgages.
2. Fund papers.
3. Assets (physical).

Naturally, if the bonds are not secured, the risk increases. Typically, such bonds are issued on the condition that income will be received as a result of the implementation of a project. As for mortgages, credit contracts are very often used here (for example, for real estate). If borrowers repay, the issuer's solvency is confirmed.

Stock securities are pledged exclusively to those that the issuer currently owns.

Well, physical assets mean any valuable property. Trains, planes, real estate, etc.

How to write a complaint to Rospotrebnadzor via the Internet

Remember, regardless of the method of submitting an application, this is an official document that must contain the necessary details and comply with the traditional application form. You can send an application in the following ways:

1. write a complaint to Rospotrebnadzor via the Internet.
2. using the services of the Russian Post, as well as another delivery service;
3. in person by contacting the regional service unit;

The appeal must contain the name of the body to which it is sent, and in some cases also the contact details of the official.

It is mandatory to fill out personal information about the applicant, including full name, postal address and telephone number (if available). Information about the results of the inspections will be sent in writing to the specified address, and communication with the applicant will be maintained.

Reliability criterion

This is an informal classification, however, in some places such terms are still used. Bonds based on reliability criteria are usually divided into:

1. Bad.
2. Good ones.

By bad (they are also called junk) we mean those securities that are issued by an unreliable issuer. Usually no one knows about this enterprise or organization. Well, good bonds (as you might guess) assume that the issuer is a reliable company or organization.

Where to complain about energy

Before filing a complaint, you need to decide who to file it with.

Be very careful about the addressee of the complaint. This could be the head of a department, the head of an organization, or a supervisory body. The correct choice of the addressee is the key to the promptness of consideration of the complaint and the quality of its consideration.

Don’t forget about the “ladder” principle – complaining one by one from a lower-ranking official to a higher-ranking one. You should not immediately complain to the governor or president. It would be most effective to write a complaint in the following order:

• immediate supervisor (manager);
• head of the organization (director);
• supervisory (control) body or service;
• prosecutor's office

We offer our sample complaint, in which we tried to take into account all typical situations. You can correct and supplement the specified sample - the complaint does not have a mandatory prescribed form.

The information contained in this article does not apply to relations related to the protection of consumer rights.

Before writing and filing a complaint about the energy industry, we recommend that you:

• receive free legal advice on civil rights, which will save your time;
• read the following materials on our resource: how to write a complaint correctly and how to submit a complaint correctly.

Profit accrual criterion

In modern conditions, there are many mechanics for paying income to bondholders. The most common of them are:

1. Floating (reverse).
2. Absent.
3. Direct floating.
4. Fixed.

In the first case, we assume that a special calculation for the bet is applied. If there is no rate, then nothing is currently being paid for the bond. These are so-called zero-coupon bonds. A direct floating payment scheme assumes that it changes in association with some significant indicator.

Well, the fixed payment mechanics assume that you will receive a set percentage for the bond. This is the most acceptable option for a beginner. Even if circumstances change, the interest rate will not change.

How to make a complaint and where to send it

Most often, if the mains voltage is reduced through no fault of the tenant, then several apartments will suffer from this.
In this case, you can make a collective appeal.

ADVICE! A collective complaint will have more weight in the eyes of the inspection authorities.

Individual and collective complaints have no fundamental differences; they must be written following certain rules:

• You cannot use obscene expressions, the language must be official and technically literate;
• the maximum amount of evidence should be attached: results of examinations, measurements, testimony;
• It is advisable to study the regulatory framework and list the clauses of the contract and laws that have been violated.

The claim must be made in a certain form:

1. At the top of the sheet (right) indicate the full name of the boss and the name of the organization (addressee).
2. This is followed by the full name and residential address of the applicant or group of residents.
3. The title of the document is Complaint.
4. In the main part, it is necessary to describe from what moment the cases of low voltage in the network began, due to which they discovered how this affects the quality of life and the operation of electrical appliances. You also need to list what the residents did to resolve the conflict on their own and attach a copy of the correspondence.
5. At the end, be sure to indicate the date of compilation and the signature of the applicant or all participants, if the complaint is collective.
6. Enclosures will include correspondence with the service organization and authorities, the results of measurements and examinations.

Complaints are supported by documents:

• copies of contracts for the provision of services, receipts and checks for their payment;
• complaints to service companies and responses to them;
• acts on voltage measurement, they can be drawn up by employees of Rospotrebnadzor, management companies;
• conclusions or reports of independent experts, if studies were conducted;
• Witness testimony is acceptable - it is recorded in writing in free form. Information about the person is required: his last name, first name, patronymic, residential address, telephone number. The text of the explanation must be clear, readable, and signed. It is important to indicate the date the paper was drawn up.

Such rules must be observed when writing any appeals. Documents are sent by mail, electronic messages or provided in person. You need to take a copy of the application with you; a mark indicating registration of the application is placed on it.

The inaction of electric networks and energy sales is being reviewed by the prosecutor's office, the court, and city administrations.

Redemption conditions criterion

Well, the last classification for today will be the basic terms of redemption. You need to understand that debt obligations are tied to Central Bank rates. If the interest rate is low, then the assets become profitable. Naturally, this generally applies to all market bonds. And here you need to understand one simple thing. In fact, everyone is at risk:

1. Issuers.
2. Bondholders.

Therefore, a mechanism is proposed by which the action of an obligation (debt) can be terminated ahead of schedule. This mechanism benefits everyone. Essentially, it allows you to build more flexible relationships between all parties to the transaction. Since such conditions are usually beneficial to the participants in the transaction, an additional opportunity arises. And on the basis of this mechanism, a separate classification of bonds appeared. Namely:

1. Convertible papers.
2. Review papers.

Convertible notes allow the current holder to convert a specified amount of the bonds into shares of the issuing company. In fact, it is a reinvestment system. As for callable securities, they open up opportunities for the issuer. After all, he can redeem his securities (debt) ahead of schedule. Moreover, if this happens, the holder also receives additional income in the form of a premium amount.

Claim against Mosenergosbyt

I, __________________________ __________ born registered and live at: _____________________________. In __________ and __________, two notices from OJSC “___________” arrived in my name at the above address, indicating that I have a debt in the amount of __________ rubles. ___ kop. and _________ rub. ___ kop. accordingly (I attach copies of the notices). On what basis and for what reasons I incurred such a debt, I do not know, and the notices do not provide a detailed calculation of the debt. At the same time, I regularly make payments, which is confirmed by the corresponding checks: - from _________ in the amount of _________ rubles. ___ kop.; — from _________ for the amount of _________ rub. ___ kop.; — from _________ for the amount of _________ rub. ___ kop.; — from _________ for the amount of _________ rub. ___ kop.; — from _________ for the amount of _________ rub. ___ kop.; — from _________ for the amount of _________ rub. ___ kop.; (I am attaching copies of all the above checks) When calculating my debt to OJSC "____________", a technical error was made, and therefore, I am currently being presented with unreasonable demands for payment of the debt. In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 539 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under an energy supply agreement, the energy supplying organization undertakes to supply energy to the subscriber (consumer) through the connected network, and the subscriber undertakes to pay for the received energy, as well as to comply with the regime of its consumption stipulated in the agreement, to ensure the safe operation of the energy networks under its control and the serviceability of the devices used by it and equipment related to energy consumption. By virtue of paragraph 1 of Art. 540 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, in the case where the subscriber under an energy supply contract is a citizen who uses energy for domestic consumption, the contract is considered concluded from the moment the subscriber is first actually connected in the prescribed manner to the connected network. Unless otherwise provided by agreement of the parties, such an agreement is considered concluded for an indefinite period and can be amended or terminated on the grounds provided for in Article 546 of this Code. According to Art. 544 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, payment for energy is made for the amount of energy actually received by the subscriber in accordance with energy accounting data, unless otherwise provided by law, other legal acts or agreement of the parties. In accordance with Art. 155 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, payment for residential premises and utilities is paid monthly before the tenth day of the month following the expiration of the month, unless a different period is established by the management agreement of an apartment building or by a decision of the general meeting of members of the homeowners association, housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative created in in order to meet the housing needs of citizens in accordance with the federal law on such a cooperative (hereinafter referred to as another specialized consumer cooperative). Payment for residential premises and utilities is made on the basis of payment documents submitted no later than the first day of the month following the expiration of the month, unless a different period is established by the management agreement of the apartment building or by a decision of the general meeting of members of the homeowners association, housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative .

So, in accordance with Art. 2 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of May 2, 2006 “On the procedure for considering appeals from citizens of the Russian Federation,” citizens have the right to apply personally, as well as send individual and collective appeals to state bodies, local governments and officials.

Types of bond coupons

There are 3 main types of coupons:

1. Floating.
2. Variable.
3. Constant.

The rate for such a coupon is calculated based on a whole group of financial indicators. Typically, a direct relationship is made with the key rate of the regulator (in our case, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation). You need to understand that there are disadvantages to coupons of this type. Especially for those who have just begun to understand bonds. After all, predicting (correctly) future events and profitability is quite problematic.

On the other hand, floating coupons have a number of advantages. For example, the coupon rate usually always exceeds current inflation. Official inflation, of course.

Well, we must not forget that floating coupons are usually better in terms of yield than most deposits on the market.

A variable coupon implies that the issuer will be able to change the rate during the course of the play. Roughly speaking, everything here is in the hands of the company issuing the bonds.

And the key disadvantage here is the lack of forecasting. Because you most likely will not be able to guess the issuer’s decisions even with the help of a professional fortune teller. However, there is a positive aspect to this mechanics of replaying prices. The fact is that such bonds very quickly reflect the economic situation. We will finish with the classification of coupons at a constant category. Relatively speaking, in such conditions you will be able to receive money using coupons without any changes or shocks. The accumulation of coupon income here can be predicted, because everything is already known in advance.

In fact, with a permanent coupon, you always know how much you'll get and when. Permanent coupon bonds are more user-friendly and great for beginners. And this is also a good option for putting together a conservative portfolio.

Sample application to the prosecutor's office for the electrical network

If this does not have an effect, you can file a claim for inaction of electrical networks.

In each country, a person has his own rights and obligations. If his rights are violated, he should not endure it; he should contact law enforcement agencies for investigation.

After all, when illegal actions are punished, there are fewer crimes. In order for an appeal to the authorities to be considered and satisfied, it must be written correctly. For this purpose, there is a sample application to the prosecutor’s office, which specialists from law firms will help you draw up for a reasonable fee.

Before you write a statement to law enforcement agencies, you should try to deal with the utility organization yourself. To do this, you need to send a similar complaint to the housing and communal services and describe the reason for the inconvenience. The document is written in two copies. The complaint must be filed at the place of registration of the organization of which you are an employee. The document is drawn up in 2 copies - one sample application to the prosecutor's office for the employer remains with the victim. If I were you, I would collect all three appeals (as well as the answers to them) and contact the prosecutor's office with a complaint about the inaction of the administration and the electrical networks.

The prosecutor's office will conduct an inspection and issue an order to the electrical networks.

How are coupons taxed?

This is where we need to figure it out thoroughly. Because in some situations, income from coupons actually fits the tax base. And in other situations you won’t have to pay anything. Let's start from the opposite. Based on Article 217 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, you will not have to pay taxes for:

1. Securities of the Union State.
2. Securities of individual regions of the Russian Federation.
3. Interest on OFZ.

In addition, you will not have to pay for income through coupons that are associated with corporate bonds. True, it is still important to understand the emission criterion. The fact is that the rules apply only to those bonds that were issued before January 1, 2017.

If the deadline is missed, the tax base is established. In this case, the so-called “tax” on excess rates is applied. The problem is that it is equal to a share of 35 percent. Hardly anyone is delighted with such generosity from the state.

It is also necessary to take into account the rules for applying such a tax. Let's assume that you purchased a package of bonds with an income (at coupons) of 10 percent. And you purchased this bond for 50 units. It turns out that the yield is currently 20 percent. No tax is withheld for this.

However, if you purchased some debt security for 200, with a yield of 16 percent, despite the fact that in fact the yield is half that, then tax will be withheld from you. This is such a cunning system, and in many ways, quite strange.

At the same time, the procedure for withholding taxes has also been established. In particular, you should refer to the following articles:

1. 214.9.
2. 226.

If you don’t delve into government “twists” and speech patterns, it turns out that the tax agent is the company that pays the citizen money. In principle, there is nothing surprising in this. But here you need to understand the peculiarities of working with bonds.

In fact, after the bond is redeemed, the funds are sent to the depository. And from there the money is distributed to brokerage companies. And the broker is already engaged in the distribution of funds between clients.

It turns out that you won’t be able to withdraw funds from the depository to your personal account right away. And in the case of coupons, it is the depository that is regarded as a tax agent. For those who trade other securities, this may seem unusual, but these are the rules. In fact, it is the depository that will withhold all taxes at the enrollment stage.

But there are also workarounds. And they pose a danger to the holder. Because in certain situations the depository does not act as a tax agent. And also a brokerage company. In this case, the law places full responsibility for paying taxes on the recipient of the income.

In fact, brokerage companies have provided for this option as well. Typically, the benefits from coupons are released through brokerage accounts, which then allow you to withdraw money to a card or somewhere else.

Ways to file a complaint

In order to file a complaint about the work of Mosenergosbyt, a consumer can use one of the following methods:

1. Send an appeal to the company on its official website in the “Virtual Reception” section. The electronic form is filled in with the applicant’s full name, address, mobile phone number, and personal account, and then the text of the complaint is attached.
2. Personally visit one of the organized citizen service points with a complaint , the addresses of which can be found here. When submitting a complaint in person, one copy must remain with the client. On it, the responsible specialist must indicate the date of submission of the application, the period for consideration of the claim and the signature of the company employee.
3. Send a registered letter to the company's legal address.
4. Call the contact center: +7(499)550-9-550.

The consumer can use similar methods to submit a complaint when contacting regulatory authorities.

The specifics of receiving applications to Rospotrebnadzor can be found here. If other methods have not helped, you can contact the President here. A complaint can be sent to the Prosecutor's Office using the Internet reception.